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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">do-while 循环</h1>
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<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 标号</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="statements.html#.E6.A0.87.E5.8F.B7" title="c/language/statements"><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-spar">label</span> : <span class="t-spar">statement</span></span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 表达式语句</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="statements.html#.E8.A1.A8.E8.BE.BE.E5.BC.8F.E8.AF.AD.E5.8F.A5" title="c/language/statements"><span class="t-lines"><span><span class="t-spar">expression</span> ;</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 复合语句</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="statements.html#.E5.A4.8D.E5.90.88.E8.AF.AD.E5.8F.A5" title="c/language/statements"><span class="t-lines"><span>{ <span class="t-spar">statement</span>... }</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 选择语句</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="if.html" title="c/language/if"><span class="t-lines"><span>if</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="switch.html" title="c/language/switch"><span class="t-lines"><span>switch</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 迭代语句</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="while.html" title="c/language/while"><span class="t-lines"><span>while</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><strong class="selflink"><span class="t-lines"><span>do-while</span></span></strong></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="for.html" title="c/language/for"><span class="t-lines"><span>for</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv-h2"><td colspan="5"> 跳转语句</td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="break.html" title="c/language/break"><span class="t-lines"><span>break</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="continue.html" title="c/language/continue"><span class="t-lines"><span>continue</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
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<tr class="t-nv"><td colspan="5"><div class="t-nv-ln-table"><div><a href="goto.html" title="c/language/goto"><span class="t-lines"><span>goto</span></span></a></div></div></td></tr>
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</div><div></div></div></div></div><div class="t-navbar-sep"> </div></div>
<p>重复执行 <span class="t-spar">语句</span> ，直到 <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> 的值变为假。此测试在每次迭代后发生。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.AF.AD.E6.B3.95">语法</span></h3>
<table class="t-sdsc-begin">

<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-sdsc">
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad"> <code><b>do</b></code> <span class="t-spar">语句</span> <code><b>while (</b></code> <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> <code><b>)</b></code>  <code><b>;</b></code>
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td>
<td class="t-sdsc-nopad">
</td></tr>



<tr>
<td colspan="10" class="t-sdsc-sep">
</td></tr></table>
<table class="t-par-begin">


<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">表达式</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  任何<a href="type.html#.E7.B1.BB.E5.9E.8B.E7.BB.84.E5.88.AB" title="c/language/types">标量类型</a>的<a href="expressions.html" title="c/language/expressions">表达式</a>。此表达式在每次迭代后求值，而且若它与零比较相等，则退出循环。
</td></tr>
<tr class="t-par">
<td>  <span class="t-spar">语句</span>
</td>
<td> -
</td>
<td>  任何<a href="statements.html" title="c/language/statements">语句</a>，常为一条复合语句，作为循环体
</td></tr></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E8.A7.A3.E9.87.8A">解释</span></h3>
<p><code>do-while</code> 语句导致重复执行 <span class="t-spar">语句</span> （亦称为<i>循环体</i>），直至 <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> （亦称为<i>控制表达式</i>）与 0 比较相等。不管是正常进入循环体还是以 <a href="goto.html" title="c/language/goto">goto</a> 进入 <span class="t-spar">语句</span> 内部，都会发生重复。
</p><p>在每次执行 <span class="t-spar">语句</span> 后对 <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> 求值（无论是正常进入还是用 goto ）。若需要在循环体前求值控制表达式，则可以使用 <a href="while.html" title="c/language/while">while 循环</a>或 <a href="for.html" title="c/language/for">for 循环</a>。
</p><p>若循环的执行需要在某点终止，则能以 <a href="break.html" title="c/language/break">break 语句</a>为终止语句。
</p><p>若循环的执行需要从循环体的结尾继续，则能以 <a href="continue.html" title="c/language/continue">continue 语句</a>为快捷方式。
</p><p>若无限循环在其 <span class="t-spar">语句</span> 或 <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> 的任何部分无可观测行为（ I/O 、 volatile 访问、原子或同步操作），则拥有这种循环的程序有未定义行为。这允许编译器优化掉整个不可观测循环，而无需证明他们会结束。仅有的例外是 <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> 为常量表达式的循环： <code>do {...} while(true);</code> 始终是无限循环。
</p>
 <table class="t-rev-begin">
<tr class="t-rev t-since-c99"><td>
<p>同所有选择和迭代语句， do-while 语句建立<a href="scope.html" title="c/language/scope">块作用域</a>：任何于 <span class="t-spar">表达式</span> 中引入的标识符在语句后离开作用域。
</p>
</td>
<td><span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99 起)</span></td></tr>
</table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E6.B3.A8.E6.84.8F">注意</span></h3>
<p>通常以布尔和指针表达式为控制表达式。布尔值 <code>false</code> 和任何指针类型的空指针值与零比较相等。
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.85.B3.E9.94.AE.E8.AF.8D">关键词</span></h3>
<p><a href="../keyword/do.html" title="c/keyword/do"><tt>do</tt></a>, <a href="../keyword/while.html" title="c/keyword/while"><tt>while</tt></a>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E7.A4.BA.E4.BE.8B">示例</span></h3>
<div class="t-example"><div class="t-example-live-link"><div class="coliru-btn coliru-btn-run-init">运行此代码</div></div>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="c source-c"><pre class="de1"><span class="co2">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span class="co2">#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span>
<span class="kw2">enum</span> <span class="br0">{</span> SIZE <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">8</span> <span class="br0">}</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="kw4">int</span> main<span class="br0">(</span><span class="kw4">void</span><span class="br0">)</span>
<span class="br0">{</span>
    <span class="co1">// 平凡示例</span>
    <span class="kw4">int</span> array<span class="br0">[</span>SIZE<span class="br0">]</span>, n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw1">do</span> array<span class="br0">[</span>n<span class="sy2">++</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <a href="../numeric/random/rand.html"><span class="kw741">rand</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy2">%</span> <span class="nu0">2</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 循环体是单条表达式语句</span>
    <span class="kw1">while</span><span class="br0">(</span>n <span class="sy1">&lt;</span> SIZE<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/puts.html"><span class="kw836">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"Array filled!"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    n <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw1">do</span> <span class="br0">{</span> <span class="co1">// 循环体是复合语句</span>
        <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"%d "</span>, array<span class="br0">[</span>n<span class="br0">]</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
        <span class="sy2">++</span>n<span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="br0">}</span> <span class="kw1">while</span> <span class="br0">(</span>n <span class="sy1">&lt;</span> SIZE<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/fprintf.html"><span class="kw851">printf</span></a><span class="br0">(</span><span class="st0">"<span class="es1">\n</span>"</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
 
    <span class="co1">// 来自 K&amp;R itoa() 的循环。使用了 do-while 循环</span>
    <span class="co1">// 因为始终至少要生成一位</span>
    <span class="kw4">int</span> num <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">1234</span>, i<span class="sy1">=</span><span class="nu0">0</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw4">char</span> s<span class="br0">[</span><span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">]</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <span class="kw1">do</span> s<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="sy2">++</span><span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> num <span class="sy2">%</span> <span class="nu0">10</span> <span class="sy2">+</span> <span class="st0">'0'</span><span class="sy4">;</span> <span class="co1">// 以反转顺序到下个数位</span>
    <span class="kw1">while</span> <span class="br0">(</span><span class="br0">(</span>num <span class="sy2">/</span><span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="nu0">10</span><span class="br0">)</span> <span class="sy1">&gt;</span> <span class="nu0">0</span><span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    s<span class="br0">[</span>i<span class="br0">]</span> <span class="sy1">=</span> <span class="st0">'<span class="es5">\0</span>'</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
    <a href="../io/puts.html"><span class="kw836">puts</span></a><span class="br0">(</span>s<span class="br0">)</span><span class="sy4">;</span>
<span class="br0">}</span></pre></div></div>
<p>可能的输出：
</p>
<div dir="ltr" class="mw-geshi" style="text-align: left;"><div class="text source-text"><pre class="de1">Array filled!
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0
4321</pre></div></div> 
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8">引用</span></h3>
<div class="t-ref-std-11">
<ul><li> C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.8.5.2 The do statement (p: 151)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c99">
<ul><li> C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 6.8.5.2 The do statement (p: 136)
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<div class="t-ref-std-c89">
<ul><li> C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990): 
</li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li> 3.6.5.2 The do statement 
</li></ul>
</dd></dl>
</div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id=".E5.8F.82.E9.98.85">参阅</span></h3>
<table class="t-dsc-begin">

</table></div>
</div>

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